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Web Development

Frameworks, patterns, and practical notes for building and shipping web applications.

Articles

  • Flask Framework — basic setup, project structure, CLI commands, and packaging a Flask app as a desktop application.
  • FastAPI Event Loop — where sync and async routes actually run, and how to deal with background tasks.
  • TypeScript Fundamentals — typing properly: interfaces, generics, narrowing, and utility types.
  • REST vs. GraphQL — resource/verb design vs. a single-endpoint query language, over-/under-fetching, and GraphQL's own N+1 problem.
  • API Lifecycle & Design — design-first vs. code-first, versioning strategies, deprecation policy, and governance as an API surface grows.
  • WebSockets — the HTTP upgrade handshake, full-duplex connections, SSE/polling alternatives, and the pub/sub fan-out problem when scaling across server instances.
  • OAuth2 & JWT Authentication — grant types, OIDC, JWT structure and signature verification, and access/refresh token handling.
  • Pydantic Advanced: Validators, Aliases & Settings — custom validators, field aliasing, computed fields, and settings management with pydantic-settings.
  • API Pitfalls: Over-, Under-Fetching & N+1 — the N+1 query problem and fixes for over-/under-fetching in REST APIs.
  • API Optimization & Resilience — cold starts, exponential backoff with jitter, circuit breakers, and idempotency keys at the API-client level.

Contributing

Building something with a new framework or pattern worth documenting? Add it here as its own file. See Contributing for the how-to.